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norms are everywhere, defining what is "normal and guiding our interpretations of social life at every turn. As a simple example, there is a norm in Anglo society to say Thank you to strangers who have just done something to help, such as open a door for you, point out that you've just dropped something, or give you directions. There is no law that forces you to say Thank you. But if people don't say Thank you in these cases it is marked. People expect that you will say it. You become responsible. Failing to say it will be both surprising and worthy of criticism. Not knowing the norms of another community is the central problem of cross-cultural communication. To continue the Thank you example, even though another culture may have an expression that appears translatable (many don't), there may be similar norms for its usage, for example, such that you should say Thank you only when the cost someone has caused is considerable. In such a case it would sound ridiculous (i,e., unexpected, surprising, and worthy of criticism) if you were to thank someone for something so minor as holding a door øpen for you.