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the total calculated valence of metal nitrates by arithmetic summation of oxidizing and reducing valences is negative(-40) whereas for citric acid is positive (+18).
hence, the stoichiometric composition of the redox mixture in order to release the maximum energy for the reaction requires that -40+18n=0 or n=2.22 mol of citric acid which is related to the CA/MN molar ratio, of 0.55, for the higher CA/MN molar raito, the mixture is fuel rich and cannot be combusted completely by metal nitrates. Consequently, the mixture with the CA/MN molar raito of 0.25 is fuel lean and exhibits the low comobustion temperature for synthesizing the manganese ferrite.
the rietveld refinement results of Mn0.6 Zn0.4 Fe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by SHS with the Fe/Fe2O3 molar ratio of 6, and sol gel autocombustion with the citric acid to metal nitrate molar ratio of 0.5 are shown in FIG.3. the fitting qualities of the patterns are about complete with the agreement indices, and of 14%, 15% and 1.8, respectively, for the SHS synthesis, while those are 10%, 11% and 1.4 for the sol gel autocombusted nanoparticles.
tables 1 and 2 present the cation distribution formula, lattice parameter and crystallite size achieved from Rietveld refinement.
Cation distribution shows that the manganese ferrite particles have inverse structure in which divalent cations distributed in tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. however, the inversity of the samples depends on the synthesis techniques through cation diffusion. the nisufficient distribution of cations on initial mixture in the SHS synthesis eas resulted in the lower inversity, irrespective of the higher combustion temperature. however, the more homogeneous distribution of metal ions at molecule level due to the liganding of the citric acid to metal ions causes the higher inversity in the sol gel autocombusted samples. the higher inversity can also be confirmed by closer lattice parameter in the sol fel autocombusted samples with the theoretical lattice parameter.
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the total calculated valence of metal nitrates by arithmetic summation of oxidizing and reducing valences is negative(-40) whereas for citric acid is positive (+18).
hence, the stoichiometric composition of the redox mixture in order to release the maximum energy for the reaction requires that -40+18n=0 or n=2.22 mol of citric acid which is related to the CA/MN molar ratio, of 0.55, for the higher CA/MN molar raito, the mixture is fuel rich and cannot be combusted completely by metal nitrates. Consequently, the mixture with the CA/MN molar raito of 0.25 is fuel lean and exhibits the low comobustion temperature for synthesizing the manganese ferrite.
the rietveld refinement results of Mn0.6 Zn0.4 Fe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized by SHS with the Fe/Fe2O3 molar ratio of 6, and sol gel autocombustion with the citric acid to metal nitrate molar ratio of 0.5 are shown in FIG.3. the fitting qualities of the patterns are about complete with the agreement indices, and of 14%, 15% and 1.8, respectively, for the SHS synthesis, while those are 10%, 11% and 1.4 for the sol gel autocombusted nanoparticles.
tables 1 and 2 present the cation distribution formula, lattice parameter and crystallite size achieved from Rietveld refinement.
Cation distribution shows that the manganese ferrite particles have inverse structure in which divalent cations distributed in tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. however, the inversity of the samples depends on the synthesis techniques through cation diffusion. the nisufficient distribution of cations on initial mixture in the SHS synthesis eas resulted in the lower inversity, irrespective of the higher combustion temperature. however, the more homogeneous distribution of metal ions at molecule level due to the liganding of the citric acid to metal ions causes the higher inversity in the sol gel autocombusted samples. the higher inversity can also be confirmed by closer lattice parameter in the sol fel autocombusted samples with the theoretical lattice parameter.
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