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본문
•More Than One Language
Nowadays many different types of English are used by people all over the world. Some of these people use English as their first language, and others use it as their second language. In this way, English is spoken by more and more people. It has become a world language. At the same time, English is becoming more than one language. Language change is normal, but in English the change is greater and faster. Why? English is spoken all over the world. Not only Great Britain and the United States, but other countries also use English as their first language. The English in these countries is different. Now there are many Englishes. Let's see some different types of English.
Jamaica
자메이카
There are two kinds of English on this West Indian island. One is "standard" and the other is "Creole." Standard English is the language of the government and newspapers. Creole English is the day-to-day language of the people. You can see the difference between them in these street signs.
STANDARD ENGLISH
CREOLE ENGLISH
No right turn
No lon rait.
Turn left.
Kip left.
Many Jamaican reggae singers and some of the island's most important writers use Creole English. For them, it's not just their local English; it's the real Jamaican language.
India
English is now an important part of modern Indian life. India has a lot of local languages. People have to use English to talk to each other. There are many differences in grammar and words between Indian English and standard English.
Before independence in 1947, some Indians thought these differences were mistakes. Now, that idea has changed. Today, Indian English (like Jamaican Creole) has become an important part of Indian life.
The Pacific
One third of the world's population lives near the Pacific Ocean. English is an important language in this region. There are many kinds of English in the Pacific.
In Singapore, for example, English is a second language. Many people understand and speak standard English, but they prefer Singlish at home or with their friends.
How about Australia? There, people speak standard English, but also use a special Australian English called "Strine." In Strine a cup of tea is a "cuppa" and a British person is a "pom."
English is becoming more than one language. Will English like Jamaican Creole, Singlish, and Strine grow stronger in the future? It is hard to say. But one thing is true. As the world grows smaller, people will need standard English even more for international communication in the twenty-first century. The future is not local or standard; it is local and standard.
•Healthy Eating and Physical Fitness
So many people have said it before, we must listen: “The most important thing for a healthy mind is a healthy body.” It sounds simple, but is hard to do. Are you a fit person? Do you eat well? Follow these simple ideas and you will be feeling better soon.
1 Start your day with breakfast.
Breakfast fills your stomach after a long night without food. This can help you do better in school. Rice, milk, soup or even last night’s pizza make an easy breakfast.
2 Get moving.
It is easy to fit physical activities into your day. Walk, bike or jog to see friends. Climb stairs instead of taking an escalator or elevator. Try to do these things for about 30 minutes every day.
3 Work up a sweat.
Hard workouts ― when you’re breathing hard and sweating ― help your heart work better and give you more energy. Start with a warm-up that stretches your muscles. Try 20 minutes of aerobic activity, such as running or dancing. Follow up with activities that help make you stronger such as push-ups or lifting weights. Then cool down with more stretching and deep breathing.
4 Balance your food choices
― don't eat too much of one thing.
You don’t have to give up foods that you love to eat. You just have to be smart about the amount you eat and when you have some foods. Your body needs nutrients like protein, carbohydrates, fat and many different vitamins and minerals from many different food groups. What makes a diet good or bad is the way the foods fit together. If you have a higher-fat food, like pizza, at dinner, choose lower-fat foods at other meals. Balance your food choices and check what is in the food you eat. This will help you eat better.
5 Get fit with friends or family.
Being active is much more fun with friends or family. Have others join you and plan one special physical activity, like a bike-riding or hiking, with a group each week.
6 Eat more grains, fruits and vegetables.
These foods give you carbohydrates for energy as well as vitamins, minerals and fiber. Also, they taste good! Try rice or bread. They are in the grain group. Apples, oranges and bananas are some great tasting fruits. Also, try uncooked vegetables at your meals.
7 Always challenge yourself.
Be brave! Try new sports, games and other activities as well as new foods. You will grow stronger, play longer, and look and feel better! But set realistic goals. Don’t try changing too much at once.
• Ms. Wise, What Should I Do?
Nobody is perfect. Everybody has some problems sometimes. It is good to get advice on your problems. Nobody likes to feel alone. What kind of problem do you have? Don't be shy. Just tell me and I will help.
Dear Ms. Wise,
I don't feel good with others, but I don't know why. I'm good-looking and smart. I have everything I could ever possibly want. But, I feel like I just don't fit in with people. Please help.
Jeong-min
Dear Jeong-min,
You have lost your confidence over the years. You need to learn to think differently. In the morning and at night, fill your mind with positive thoughts about yourself. Try hard to change your thinking. Turn negative thoughts into positive ones about yourself. Use positive images. That way, you'll have your own way of building confidence.
Ms. Wise
Dear Ms. Wise,
I don't know why this is happening to me. I just got my report card back and it was terrible! I got 55 points and 60 points. I feel really stupid. Worse, I have lost my concentration. When I try to study hard, I end up playing computer games. I'm getting really far behind. I'm really worried.
Dong-hun
Dear Dong-hun,
The most important thing is this: a schedule. Decide now on a schedule. I mean a real schedule. You must stick to it. If you decide that 5 p.m. is homework time, live by it. Take the first step now and keep it up. The longer you do it, the easier it will be.
You know what they say: Today is the first day of the rest of your life. Do it!
Ms. Wise
Dear Ms. Wise,
I'm afraid of talking in front of my class. My teacher thinks that it is good for us, but I don't think so! Every time I have to read out loud, I get so nervous that I can't breathe well. This makes me sound bad. What can I do? Help me!
Mi-ra
Dear Mi-ra,
You have stage fright. It is a hard problem to fix. You must fight against the problem. Be positive! Every night, get very relaxed before you go to bed and imagine your success. Imagine the whole class smiling and clapping as you speak. Imagine the praise of the teacher and your clear, strong voice. I'm sure you will be OK. Good luck, but you have to work on it!
Ms. Wise
Dear Ms. Wise,
I have a really bad problem. Not one of my friends likes me. The girls in the group pick on me! They even make fun of me in front of all the boys. Everyone in my school wants to be popular. I want to be a part of the group, so I feel really bad. I don't know what to do!
Min-ji
Dear Min-ji,
Everyone your age wants to fit in. Unfortunately, your so-called friends don't act like real friends. I'm sure you can do better. Do you like them? Want to be like them? Why would you want to spend time with these people? Those sound like very bad kids. You don't need them. Get new friends. Be popular with people who like you. That is the most important thing.
Ms. Wise
• How MP3 Music Files Work
A: I got this new MP3 player for my birthday but I don't know how it works.
B: Really? It's easy. It lets you play music from the Internet.
A: Wow! How does it do that?
B: An MP3 player is really just a small computer. It reads special MP3 music files.
A: And I can get these files from the Internet?
B: That's right! Here let me show you.
1. Before MP3 files can be posted, the music has to be recorded. The music is recorded normally and is then put on a CD.
2. The music from the CD has to be converted to the MP3 format. Then it can be posted on the Internet. The best way to convert the music is with a “ripper” a piece of software that takes the music from the CD and converts it to MP3 format. The software makes the size of the file smaller. Most MP3 songs are under 3MB, but still have high quality. This mix of small size and high quality is what makes the MP3 better than other Internet music formats.
3. After the file is converted to an MP3 format, it is posted to a site on the Internet. People can download it from that site.
4. When someone wants to download the MP3 file, they visit the web site or ftp download site, and download the file to their computer.
5. After the file is downloaded, it can be played with a special piece of software. Some software and Internet servers can “stream” the MP3 file play it as it is being downloaded. In most cases, however, the file is first downloaded and then played.
6. The MP3 files can also be sent from a computer to a portable MP3 player a small machine that can play music in the MP3 format. The MP3 files are stored on a memory card in the player and can be erased, or overwritten with new MP3 files.
7. One problem with MP3 files is that they can break an artist's copyright. Singers want money for their songs, but MP3s are usually free. Some MP3 players won't play MP3 files that were copied illegally from a CD. Sometimes, the file will play, but might have copyright information about the MP3 file.
• Cultural Understanding
There are different customs in different parts of the world. For example, how would you say the date 1-9-2003? Many South Americans give the answer as the first of September, 2003. They put the day before the month. But many North Americans give the answer as January the ninth. They usually put the month before the day.
If someone moves his head up and down, what does it mean to you, “no” or “yes”? Nodding the head up and down means “yes” in Western Europe and the United States, but “no” in Greece and Turkey. The difference only confuses the traveler, but to business people it sometimes means losing a lot of money.
What are good manners in one country are sometimes bad manners in another. Even simple gestures can have different meanings. The “thumbs-up” sign means “excellent” in the United States, while it is an insult in parts of Africa. Tapping the head with the index finger in parts of South America means “I'm thinking hard,” while in Holland it means “That's crazy.” To point a finger at someone is OK in Canada, while it's bad in Korea.
Greeting clients well is very important. European men and women commonly shake hands when they meet for the first time, while in Arab countries men never shake hands with women that they are not related to. In Korea, people bow to each other. People from India place their hands together, then bow their heads.
Entertaining is important. It is a good idea to invite people from other countries out to eat. However, unless the host is careful, dining out can be a problem. There are many food taboos. Some people don't eat meat; others don't drink alcohol.
Traveling to far away countries and experiencing foreign culture can be a great experience. It can also be very confusing. It is easy to face problems while in a foreign culture. The most important thing is to keep an open mind to foreign cultures. Remember, things are not the same everywhere you go.
본문
•More Than One Language
Nowadays many different types of English are used by people all over the world. Some of these people use English as their first language, and others use it as their second language. In this way, English is spoken by more and more people. It has become a world language. At the same time, English is becoming more than one language. Language change is normal, but in English the change is greater and faster. Why? English is spoken all over the world. Not only Great Britain and the United States, but other countries also use English as their first language. The English in these countries is different. Now there are many Englishes. Let's see some different types of English.
Jamaica
자메이카
There are two kinds of English on this West Indian island. One is "standard" and the other is "Creole." Standard English is the language of the government and newspapers. Creole English is the day-to-day language of the people. You can see the difference between them in these street signs.
STANDARD ENGLISH
CREOLE ENGLISH
No right turn
No lon rait.
Turn left.
Kip left.
Many Jamaican reggae singers and some of the island's most important writers use Creole English. For them, it's not just their local English; it's the real Jamaican language.
India
English is now an important part of modern Indian life. India has a lot of local languages. People have to use English to talk to each other. There are many differences in grammar and words between Indian English and standard English.
Before independence in 1947, some Indians thought these differences were mistakes. Now, that idea has changed. Today, Indian English (like Jamaican Creole) has become an important part of Indian life.
The Pacific
One third of the world's population lives near the Pacific Ocean. English is an important language in this region. There are many kinds of English in the Pacific.
In Singapore, for example, English is a second language. Many people understand and speak standard English, but they prefer Singlish at home or with their friends.
How about Australia? There, people speak standard English, but also use a special Australian English called "Strine." In Strine a cup of tea is a "cuppa" and a British person is a "pom."
English is becoming more than one language. Will English like Jamaican Creole, Singlish, and Strine grow stronger in the future? It is hard to say. But one thing is true. As the world grows smaller, people will need standard English even more for international communication in the twenty-first century. The future is not local or standard; it is local and standard.
•Healthy Eating and Physical Fitness
So many people have said it before, we must listen: “The most important thing for a healthy mind is a healthy body.” It sounds simple, but is hard to do. Are you a fit person? Do you eat well? Follow these simple ideas and you will be feeling better soon.
1 Start your day with breakfast.
Breakfast fills your stomach after a long night without food. This can help you do better in school. Rice, milk, soup or even last night’s pizza make an easy breakfast.
2 Get moving.
It is easy to fit physical activities into your day. Walk, bike or jog to see friends. Climb stairs instead of taking an escalator or elevator. Try to do these things for about 30 minutes every day.
3 Work up a sweat.
Hard workouts ― when you’re breathing hard and sweating ― help your heart work better and give you more energy. Start with a warm-up that stretches your muscles. Try 20 minutes of aerobic activity, such as running or dancing. Follow up with activities that help make you stronger such as push-ups or lifting weights. Then cool down with more stretching and deep breathing.
4 Balance your food choices
― don't eat too much of one thing.
You don’t have to give up foods that you love to eat. You just have to be smart about the amount you eat and when you have some foods. Your body needs nutrients like protein, carbohydrates, fat and many different vitamins and minerals from many different food groups. What makes a diet good or bad is the way the foods fit together. If you have a higher-fat food, like pizza, at dinner, choose lower-fat foods at other meals. Balance your food choices and check what is in the food you eat. This will help you eat better.
5 Get fit with friends or family.
Being active is much more fun with friends or family. Have others join you and plan one special physical activity, like a bike-riding or hiking, with a group each week.
6 Eat more grains, fruits and vegetables.
These foods give you carbohydrates for energy as well as vitamins, minerals and fiber. Also, they taste good! Try rice or bread. They are in the grain group. Apples, oranges and bananas are some great tasting fruits. Also, try uncooked vegetables at your meals.
7 Always challenge yourself.
Be brave! Try new sports, games and other activities as well as new foods. You will grow stronger, play longer, and look and feel better! But set realistic goals. Don’t try changing too much at once.
• Ms. Wise, What Should I Do?
Nobody is perfect. Everybody has some problems sometimes. It is good to get advice on your problems. Nobody likes to feel alone. What kind of problem do you have? Don't be shy. Just tell me and I will help.
Dear Ms. Wise,
I don't feel good with others, but I don't know why. I'm good-looking and smart. I have everything I could ever possibly want. But, I feel like I just don't fit in with people. Please help.
Jeong-min
Dear Jeong-min,
You have lost your confidence over the years. You need to learn to think differently. In the morning and at night, fill your mind with positive thoughts about yourself. Try hard to change your thinking. Turn negative thoughts into positive ones about yourself. Use positive images. That way, you'll have your own way of building confidence.
Ms. Wise
Dear Ms. Wise,
I don't know why this is happening to me. I just got my report card back and it was terrible! I got 55 points and 60 points. I feel really stupid. Worse, I have lost my concentration. When I try to study hard, I end up playing computer games. I'm getting really far behind. I'm really worried.
Dong-hun
Dear Dong-hun,
The most important thing is this: a schedule. Decide now on a schedule. I mean a real schedule. You must stick to it. If you decide that 5 p.m. is homework time, live by it. Take the first step now and keep it up. The longer you do it, the easier it will be.
You know what they say: Today is the first day of the rest of your life. Do it!
Ms. Wise
Dear Ms. Wise,
I'm afraid of talking in front of my class. My teacher thinks that it is good for us, but I don't think so! Every time I have to read out loud, I get so nervous that I can't breathe well. This makes me sound bad. What can I do? Help me!
Mi-ra
Dear Mi-ra,
You have stage fright. It is a hard problem to fix. You must fight against the problem. Be positive! Every night, get very relaxed before you go to bed and imagine your success. Imagine the whole class smiling and clapping as you speak. Imagine the praise of the teacher and your clear, strong voice. I'm sure you will be OK. Good luck, but you have to work on it!
Ms. Wise
Dear Ms. Wise,
I have a really bad problem. Not one of my friends likes me. The girls in the group pick on me! They even make fun of me in front of all the boys. Everyone in my school wants to be popular. I want to be a part of the group, so I feel really bad. I don't know what to do!
Min-ji
Dear Min-ji,
Everyone your age wants to fit in. Unfortunately, your so-called friends don't act like real friends. I'm sure you can do better. Do you like them? Want to be like them? Why would you want to spend time with these people? Those sound like very bad kids. You don't need them. Get new friends. Be popular with people who like you. That is the most important thing.
Ms. Wise
• How MP3 Music Files Work
A: I got this new MP3 player for my birthday but I don't know how it works.
B: Really? It's easy. It lets you play music from the Internet.
A: Wow! How does it do that?
B: An MP3 player is really just a small computer. It reads special MP3 music files.
A: And I can get these files from the Internet?
B: That's right! Here let me show you.
1. Before MP3 files can be posted, the music has to be recorded. The music is recorded normally and is then put on a CD.
2. The music from the CD has to be converted to the MP3 format. Then it can be posted on the Internet. The best way to convert the music is with a “ripper” a piece of software that takes the music from the CD and converts it to MP3 format. The software makes the size of the file smaller. Most MP3 songs are under 3MB, but still have high quality. This mix of small size and high quality is what makes the MP3 better than other Internet music formats.
3. After the file is converted to an MP3 format, it is posted to a site on the Internet. People can download it from that site.
4. When someone wants to download the MP3 file, they visit the web site or ftp download site, and download the file to their computer.
5. After the file is downloaded, it can be played with a special piece of software. Some software and Internet servers can “stream” the MP3 file play it as it is being downloaded. In most cases, however, the file is first downloaded and then played.
6. The MP3 files can also be sent from a computer to a portable MP3 player a small machine that can play music in the MP3 format. The MP3 files are stored on a memory card in the player and can be erased, or overwritten with new MP3 files.
7. One problem with MP3 files is that they can break an artist's copyright. Singers want money for their songs, but MP3s are usually free. Some MP3 players won't play MP3 files that were copied illegally from a CD. Sometimes, the file will play, but might have copyright information about the MP3 file.
• Cultural Understanding
There are different customs in different parts of the world. For example, how would you say the date 1-9-2003? Many South Americans give the answer as the first of September, 2003. They put the day before the month. But many North Americans give the answer as January the ninth. They usually put the month before the day.
If someone moves his head up and down, what does it mean to you, “no” or “yes”? Nodding the head up and down means “yes” in Western Europe and the United States, but “no” in Greece and Turkey. The difference only confuses the traveler, but to business people it sometimes means losing a lot of money.
What are good manners in one country are sometimes bad manners in another. Even simple gestures can have different meanings. The “thumbs-up” sign means “excellent” in the United States, while it is an insult in parts of Africa. Tapping the head with the index finger in parts of South America means “I'm thinking hard,” while in Holland it means “That's crazy.” To point a finger at someone is OK in Canada, while it's bad in Korea.
Greeting clients well is very important. European men and women commonly shake hands when they meet for the first time, while in Arab countries men never shake hands with women that they are not related to. In Korea, people bow to each other. People from India place their hands together, then bow their heads.
Entertaining is important. It is a good idea to invite people from other countries out to eat. However, unless the host is careful, dining out can be a problem. There are many food taboos. Some people don't eat meat; others don't drink alcohol.
Traveling to far away countries and experiencing foreign culture can be a great experience. It can also be very confusing. It is easy to face problems while in a foreign culture. The most important thing is to keep an open mind to foreign cultures. Remember, things are not the same everywhere you go.
