고 1 금성사 본문 구해요.

1과

UNIT 1 : English: Why and How?     

Q What is this homepage about?

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Welcome to my homepage! As a new high school student, you have many new things to achieve. One of them will be to improve your English. English learners today pick up the language much better than those who tried to study it 30 or 40 years ago. That is because many teachers and professors have done research to find better ways of learning English. Now we know how to guide students in the right direction. On this homepage you will find many ideas which can help you learn English better and more easily:

Q : What are the three advantages of knowing English?

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To become a better language learner, the first thing to ask yourself is, "Do I really want to learn this language?" People who are interested in different languages and cultures usually learn them better than those who aren't. If you are not sure, it might help to take a few minutes to think about it.

There are many advantages to being a fluent English speaker. First, you can meet and converse with people from different countries. English has become a common language in the world. Even if you meet a Chinese or a European person, you might communicate with each other in English. Second, do you know that about 85% of the information on the Internet is in English? That's right. A person who cannot use English is very limited in the computer age. That fact alone might be enough to motivate you! Third, many common jobs depend on some level of English ability. Computer programmers,  business people, and even some musicians have one thing in  common: they need English at work.

Q: How can you take advantage of your situation?

 

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  Another thing you can do is to look at your situation and see yow  strong points. By realizing these points, you can use them better, First, you are young. That is great for learning a language. Children and teenagers usually learn English better and have better

pronunciation than older people. So it's best to hurry up and not put off learning! Second, you have already learned a great deal of vocabulary and grammar, If you feel you cannot speak English at all, that's probably not true. Just use your words and grammar as well as you can. Don't be afraid of making mistakes. All non-native speakers make mistakes. Next, you are learning English in school. Imagine how hard it would be if you had no textbook and no teacher! Study what your teacher gives you, and try to use English with your teacher whenever possible.

Q: What are some things you can do outside of class?

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Now, let's think of how you can study English on your own. One way is to watch English programs on TV whenever you can. The TV can be your friend in learning English. In addition to many educational programs about English, there are often movies and news reports in English. Watching them can help you practice listening, even if you do not understand everything at first.

Of course, one excellent way to learn English is to practice with an English speaker outside of class. It would be good to keep your eyes open for an opportunity to do that. A good second choice is to practice with a friend. You can choose a topic and agree to talk about it in English for about ten minutes. Or, you can choose a dialog and practice it together.

You can also improve your English by writing to a pen pal. This can be done through the mail or the Internet. Or, if you are not the out going type, you can choose a reading method. Native speakers do a lot of reading and get better at English. As a non-native speaker you can also use this method to improve your English. Choose easy, interesting books or magazines. Try to avoid books which are too difficult or boring. If you find yourself looking up at the clock all the time, you should probably choose a different book. The tropic or style of the book doesn't matter much. What matters is that you read as much as you can and that you enjoy learning the new words and expressions you come across. Reading can improve not only vocabulary but alto reading comprehension, writing and speaking.

Q: What is your learning style?

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Remember that there is no one best method of leaning English. People learn in different ways. Some students carry around a notebook to put new words and expressions in. Later, they review what they learned. Others make mental notes of new expressions, repeating them silently to themselves until they learn them. Still others talk to themselves in English about things they see or hear during the day. Whichever style of learning you choose, it is important to practice daily and not give up.

I hope you'll find these tips helpful in using your time wisely. Good luck, and have fun with English!

 

 

 

2과

UNIT 2  Western Names

Q: What are some differences between the Korean and Western name systems?

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Have you ever wondered about Western names? You must have noticed that Westerners put the given name first and the family name last. In the West, the first name refers to the individual and the last name refers to the family. There are other differences from our system, too. For one, some of them have two given names, so they have a first name, a middle name, and a last name. These people often use an initial for either the first or the middle name, such as in 'H. Douglas Brown' or 'John F. Kennedy,' Some people also use their father's or grandfather's full name with a title at the end, such as in 'George Baker, Jr.' or 'John Smith Ⅲ, 'Siblings 'names do not share any common syllables, the way many Koreans do, as in 'Minsu' and 'Jinsu.'

Q How did surnames come about?

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The three-name system common in Western countries today is not an ancient custom. A long time ago, most people lived and died in villages where they were born, and these villages were quite small. They only needed one given name, because there was only one John or one Mary. As towns grew and many Johns and Marys appeared, however, they needed a way to distinguish between people. That is how surnames came about.

Q How were surnames made?

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  One way to make a surname was to use a nickname, just like students sometimes do in school. This referred to some striking ability or personality trait. Some were flattering, such as Braveheart, and Wise. Others referred to bad points, such as Coward, Strange and Moody. Nicknames could also simply refer to a person's physical appearance, such as Tall, Small and Stout, or where the person lived, like Goodpasture, Forest and Underhill. For example, John Atwood probably lived near the woods.  

Another way people invented names was to use the father's name. The first Johnson, for example, had a father named John. This was a common practiee in many countries and many different farms can be found. Scandinavians added '-son. 'The Scots used Mac as in MacAdam, the Irish 0' as in 0'Brian, the Germans Von as in VonBerger, the French De as in DeGaulle, and the Spanish and Italians Di as in Ditello. By knowing these parts of common names, it often becomes possible to guess the meaning of a family name.

A third way to make a surname was to use a person's job. As villages grew, not everyone was a farmer anymore. For this reason, many English names came from common jobs in the villages.'Farmer' was, of course, a common English surname, but be were Baker, Cook and Carpenter. The 'Sawyer' cut trees into pieces of wood for the carpenter, and the 'Miller' made grain into flour. Some of these names indicate the place where the person worked, rather than the person's job. A person named Abbot, Bishop or Priestly probably worked for one of those religious leaders.

Q Why might a servant suddenly need a surname?

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Sometimes, names were invented or changed in times of travel or social change. When come people moved to another country for example, they could easily use a name referring to their country A person named Welsh came from Wales, Norris came from Norway and Norman came from Normandy in France. At other times, a person might suddenly need a last name and make one up. A servant, for example, probably did not need a last name. But if for some reason there was a sudden change in his position in society, the servant might need a surname in a hurry. In that case, the surname was sometimes simply invented, so its original meaning is hard to know.

Finally, some people who moved from other countries made their surnames seem more like those of the new country. These people probably did not want others to know that their family had come from another country. That is why some people formerly named Andersson, McAndrew or Andrzejewski are today known as Anderson, and why Schmidt sometimes became Smith in English-speaking countries. Even so, there are many families who still have their original surnames with the same spelling, even after many generations.

Q Using the information above, can you guess the meaning of the word 'ethnic'?

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Knowing the history of western names does not answer all questions and make everything clear. It does, however, let you make intelligent guesses as to the ethnic backgrounds and the meanings of the names of the Western people you meet!

 

 

3과

UNIT 3 High School Life in America

Jack, an American high school student, is Junho's key pal. Junho's English teacher told the class to find out about high school life in other countries, so he chose the United States. The following are e-mail messages from Jack:

Q What are the school breaks that Jack mentions?

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Dear Junho,

Thanks for telling me about your school life. So, in Korea the school year begins in March? And you study so many different subjects in school? Amazing! Our schools are quite different from yours. Let me tell you about our system.

The school year here usually begins in late August or early September. It ends around the 15th of June, sometimes a little later if we have a lot of snowy days in the winter. As you know, I live in a cold state, so there are a few days in the winter when school is canceled because of the snow. One year, it was so snowy that we had to go all the way until June 24!

We do not have as long a winter vacation as you do. We take orgy about three weeks off from Christmas to the first part of January We call it the winter break. We have a four-day break around Thanksgiving and a one-week spring break in March as well. We also have some national holidays here and there, but that's about it. The real long break from school is in the summer. It is almost three months long. It is a real vacation, and we never have any homework during that time.

Q How many subjects does Jack study?

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My daily routine begins when I  board the school bus at 7:40 near my house. Homeroom starts at 8:10 and finishes at 8:30. I have Algebra Ⅱ, Biology Ⅰ, French Ⅲ and Music or P,E. before lunch and then English and American Histoly after lunch. We study five academic subjects and one other class every day, Our schedule is fixed Monday through Friday. This semester my schedule is pretty heavy, as you can see. Next year, I don't think I'll take French. I don't really like it, but I need two years of French to get into a good college.

Q In Jack's state, what are the requirements for high school students hoping to go to      college?

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Some subjects are required, and others are optional. The requirements vary from state to state. In my state, we have to take four years of English, at least two years of American history; four years of P.E., and a minimum two years each of math and science. That doesn't mean that's all we have to do, though. We have to get a certain number of credits to graduate, so we have to attend high school for four years. Also, if we want to go to college, we often have to take additional courses. For example, most colleges require two years of a foreign language to get in. That's why I am taking French. And we'd better take flour years of math and science, too, to go to a good college.

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So, it might seem like we're very free but actually we're not. We can choose a little bit, but we have to think about the future. Classes finish at 2:40 at my school. Some kids go home then, but others stay until the late buses leave at 5:15. All after-school activities end by this time. Right now the activities in our school include Drama, Band, Orchestra, Chorus, Field Hockey and Baseball. Some kids are also busy working on the yearbook these days, so a lot of them have to go home on the late bus.

 

Q In Jack's school, can students call their teachers by their first names?

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As far as rules go, there seem to be many of them. Our teachers are always saying, "It's your responsibility" and things like that. If we're late even one minute for class or if we forget a book, the teachers are not satisfied. Of course, some teachers are stricter than others, but they're pretty strict in general. We don't wear uniforms, though. Most American schools don't require wearing uniforms, except for some private schools.

Also we cannot call our teachers by their first names. In college some teachers let students do that, but not in high school. At least not in my high school. And we are definitely not allowed to leave the classroom during class time. Any student outside the classroom during class time has to carry a pass signed by a teacher, If the hall monitor checks you and you don't have one, you get in trouble.

That's about it for today, Junho. I hope this letter is informative to you. Let's keep in touch.

 

 

 

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